The Turing Test

Andrew Hodges strongly implies, although I don't believe he actually states it directly, that the Turing Test -- the classic test of artificial intelligence in which a computer is considered intelligent if it can fool a human into thinking it's another human -- was inspired by the fact that Alan Turing was gay, and so lived in a society where "passing" was of prime concern. This theory is only marginally weakened by the fact that Turing was fairly openly out.